My Nephew's Joy

In November 2021, a jury found the individual who killed my nephew guilty of first degree murder. At the sentencing hearing, our family was permitted to deliver victim impact statements to the court. Below is my statement, with some enhancements added here:

Twenty three years ago, I lost my father after a long illness and under gut-wrenching circumstances. For two decades, that was easily the biggest loss I had ever experienced. That loss pales in comparison to losing my nephew, Carlos Alfonso, Jr., who was like a son to me. The many things we did together, from camping to riding bike or going on adventures, even if those adventures were just taking a walk around the neighborhood, are among the most cherished memories of my entire life. Those memories now live alone in my mind because the person I shared them with was violently ripped away from me. It's really difficult to find any solace in a loss like this. 

But there is a glimmer. Although a sick individual, full of jealousy and rage, dragged our family into the depths of his hellishly dark psyche, we can still see a twinkle of light. As we move closer to the light and the light grows, we see the bright sun shining down on a wide open field. That scene is the last image that crossed my nephew's mind right before his life was prematurely snuffed out. We can imagine a smile spreading across his face as he thought about doing one of the things he loved the most: hunting. Carlos Alfonso, Jr.'s last thought was one of joy. And while Carlos's murderer, consumed by his own demonic forces, was able to take my nephew's life, he was never able to take my nephew's joy.

When Happily Ever After Is Thrown to the Lions

Who is the most powerful person in the world? Many people might say the president of the United States. After all, he has the most advanced military at his command. Some people would probably suggest that Jeff Bezos or Bill Gates, because of their vast wealth, wield unparalleled power. Still others could go with someone like the pope or Dalai Lama because of their spiritual influence over millions of believers. But despite all their political, financial, or religious power, none of these individuals can match the power that the child of a single mother has!

There's a popular belief among men that states you should never date a single mother. While some of this might stem from pure male ego ("I will only raise a product of my own sperm!"), a deeper look reveals an undeniable wisdom behind the credence that single mothers should be avoided at all costs.

Certainly, there's something noble about a man who steps in to help raise a child that is not the fruit of his loins, especially if the genetic father is just a plain bad dad. The stability of a two-parent household (even if the father is not biological) can contribute to a healthier child that grows into a well-adjusted adult. Of course, this is all totally irrelevant if the woman is not a caring mother. A child of a single mother has little to no power if the mother puts her man ahead of the child, which does occur on occasion.

However, when the single woman is a relatively normal, nurturing mother, the child's power rivals that of the Caesar in ancient Rome, who held the lives of multitudes literally on his thumb! With a virtual thumbs down from the child of a single mother, an otherwise wonderful, loving relationship between a man and a woman can suffer the same fate as the gladiators in the Colosseum forced to face packs of ferocious animals. 

It doesn't matter if the man asks the child's permission to date her mother, similar to how the guy in that cute TV commercial asks his girlfriend's son for permission to marry her. It doesn't matter if the man bends over backwards to earn the acceptance and approval of the child for the sake of preserving what is an otherwise deeply harmonious relationship with the mother. All it takes is a metaphorical flick of the wrist by the child to turn her thumb in the wrong direction, purely by whim with no rhyme or reason, for a beautiful relationship to be doomed. Even the president of the United States has a more elaborate process by which he can deploy the military than what the child of a single mother has to do to destroy a relationship that is going well by all other accounts.

And what's a man to do then? He faces a serious dilemma. If he is considering a more formal future with the single mother (like cohabitation, or even marriage), he doesn't have to be psychic to see big trouble down the road from a disapproving child. Home life could quickly turn into a living hell. At that point, with the potential progression of the relationship thrown into disarray by the child, it's natural that the man would begin to question everything about his relationship with the mother: Are they still making love and building intimacy, or are they just glorified fuck buddies? Are they sharing special memories when they go on vacation, or are they just enhanced travel pals? Is their relationship growing stronger as time goes on, or are they just going through the motions in a stagnant cycle?

When the child understands this power, and she combines it with emotional blackmail (for example, the explicit or implied threat that she might hurt herself if she doesn't get her way), no amount of love or connection between a man and a single mother can survive. The child's selfishness and manipulation, like hungry lions let loose on the gladiators in those ancient arenas, tear the relationship apart. Of course, the single mother can call the child's bluff, and the child's power would dissipate as fast as the helium inside a popped balloon, but that is a risk most caring parents are not willing to take.

Inevitably and eventually, the relationship ends under this kind of strain. That doesn't mean the single mother is cursed to never find love, though. If the child deems a future man worthy of her approval, that guy gets to enjoy the type of relationship the previous guy missed. With just a flick of the wrist in the other direction, the child's all-powerful thumb determines the fortune of love. Alternatively, if the child grows into adulthood and moves on to using her powers of emotional blackmail and manipulation in her own romantic relationships rather than her mother's, that can also free up the mother to pursue love once again with no encumbrances. There's even a third scenario where the child gets the counseling and guidance she needs to shed her demons... and they all live happily ever after!

Teaching During the COVID-19 Pandemic

When a bomb goes off, many of the people in the immediate vicinity of the explosion often get killed instantly or die from their injuries shortly thereafter. Some people may get hit with shrapnel or falling debris and suffer life-threatening injuries, even if they ultimately survive. Others may suffer minor injuries that are not life-threatening. Still others manage to escape the explosion completely unscathed. Even a lucky few benefit, in a way, from the destructive event. For example, think of the construction firms and the workers they hire to rebuild what the bomb destroyed as just one example of those who find fortune in the aftermath of mayhem. Ultimately, these effects of the explosion are all felt long after the initial blast.

The COVID-19 pandemic has been like a series of bombs detonating all over the world at different times and in different degrees of intensity. Like an explosion, a COVID-19 outbreak kills many people. And just like an explosion may leave many victims with serious long-term injuries, COVID-19 has claimed its share of “long haulers,” or people who still have symptoms months after being ill. The comparison between bombs and the pandemic doesn’t end with how people suffer, though, because just like bombs may directly or indirectly benefit some, COVID-19 has also greatly rewarded businesses and individuals uniquely positioned to take advantage of the situation. It’s a well-known fact that companies like Amazon saw a massive increase in sales as people staying home relied more on the delivery of products, leading Amazon founder and CEO Jeff Bezos to see his already considerable wealth increase by tens of billions of dollars, even while many millions lost their jobs through no fault of their own. And just like how the repercussions of an explosion are felt long after the dust settles and the smoke clears, we will very likely be living with the fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic, both in terms of public health and the economy, for many years to come.

Due to the nature of how the COVID-19 virus spreads, the basic guidelines for preventing infection include wearing masks, social distancing, and frequent handwashing. Although plenty of people taking these precautions have still gotten infected, many of the people consistently adhering to these guidelines have managed to dodge the COVID-19 bullet, including me. Throughout this pandemic, I have avoided crowds as much as possible, worn a mask almost every time I’m out of my apartment, and washed my hands almost to the point of obsession. Of course, these personal safety measures have gone a long way to keep me safe. However, I cannot overlook the fact that a big reason I have managed to steer clear of infection is because of what I do for a living. As a teacher, I am blessed to have a career with a professional organization aggressively advocating on my behalf at the national, state, and local level. Thanks in part to the efforts of the United Teachers of Dade (UTD), our local teachers’ union, schools in my district closed completely in March 2020 and reopened only after the union was able to secure significant safety concessions, including offering parents the option to keep their children at home with online learning and strict masking, sanitization, and social distancing protocols for in-person learning, including broad guidelines for quarantining any students and staff who are exposed to the virus. Together with these important safety measures, we suffered no layoffs or interruption in pay. In fact, amid all the chaos surrounding the pandemic and school closures, UTD negotiated pay raises for members of the bargaining unit.

So, when determining how COVID-19 has impacted my profession, it becomes clear that it’s also important to acknowledge how my profession has impacted COVID-19. Because without our union pushing for school closures and the implementation of strict public health and safety measures upon reopening, it is very possible that the pandemic’s impact would have been far worse than it already is, since the proximity that comes with in-person learning could fuel what would essentially be thousands of daily super-spreader events occurring simultaneously across the school district.

Nevertheless, COVID-19 is having a profound effect on my career as a teacher. We had to rethink and reinvent instructional delivery on the fly when schools closed last year. This school year, we’ve had to navigate the challenges of teaching both in-person and online students while observing COVID-19 protocols at the school site. And as we reach the end of the school year, we begin looking out toward a hopeful but ultimately uncertain future as we anticipate the return to full in-person learning this fall. That is where we’re at right now: still recovering, and in some cases still suffering, from the havoc wrought upon our lives by the pandemic, all while keeping an eye toward a future where things may be a little better in certain instances, a little worse in others, but definitely very different overall.

Probably the area in which the COVID-19 pandemic had its greatest impact on my career is in terms of self-care. Sure, self-care often pertains to out-of-the-worksite activities, such as exercising and getting a good night’s sleep. And there was certainly no shortage of ways in which my increased self-care manifested in areas that had little or nothing to do with work. With many restaurants closed or offering limited service, I naturally gravitated toward cooking healthier food and eating at home rather than ordering delivery. As a result, my cooking skills improved considerably. On top of that, I also started doing things like baking my own bread and starting a small fruit, vegetable, and herb garden in my apartment balcony. Being cooped up all day long cooking and watering my plants, though, was not an option if I was to take self-care seriously. So, I made sure to include lots of bike riding as an opportunity to get much-needed exercise and fresh air.

Perhaps most importantly when it comes to self-care, the COVID-19 pandemic taught me to appreciate every moment, because life is fragile and way too short. This idea stretches beyond my personal life into my approach to teaching and how COVID-19 has impacted my career. Now I find that, while I still have the same high expectations I’ve always had with my students, I also emphasize empathy. This is crucial because, to return to the earlier COVID-19 bomb analogy, we don’t know which of our students or their close family members have been caught at or near the proverbial ground zero. Also, while I learned early on in my teaching career not to take things personally, the COVID-19 pandemic has given that idea a booster shot. These are all parts of a holistic approach to self-care. Because while eating healthy and exercising offer self-care for the body, gratitude, empathy, and grace are self-care for the mind and spirit.

The idea of self-care created a solid foundation over which I could build a whole new approach to teaching. And while we may be looking to a return to normal soon, some of these new teaching practices I’ve adopted during the pandemic are likely to become a permanent part of my teaching repertoire. The first of these is the use of digital resources. I was not a stranger to having students turn in work digitally before the pandemic. I have used tools like Edmodo for years, and my students would see an online quiz from time to time in my class long before COVID-19 was around. But school closures and fully online learning forced us to forego physical resources almost entirely. Gone completely, albeit temporarily, were printed packets and reading passages. However, even as we prepare for full in-person learning next school year, I intend to keep using many of the digital resources I came to rely on during the pandemic. Not only is it easier to compile and analyze student data when they turn in an assignment online, using digital resources also literally saves trees, since we end up using a lot less paper. Assigning things online also facilitates both remediation and enrichment, so I can better help the students who are struggling and more effectively challenge those who are advanced.

One clear way that COVID-19 has impacted my career is by amplifying the limitations that are a natural part of teaching. Dealing with insufficiently motivated students is one of the constants of the teaching profession. Often, these students lack parental support, but realistically it can be a myriad of factors that contribute to a student struggling with school. As teachers, we are always grappling with engaging unmotivated students, challenging advanced students, and helping students who may not necessarily have a motivation problem but could be struggling with any number of issues or situations that require an individualized approach to help them reach their full academic potential. This is all par for the course in the challenges a teacher faces from one school year to the next. But COVID-19 has thrown a veritable monkey wrench into this already challenging aspect of our profession. Because on top of the obstacles we normally face throughout the day-to-day tasks of our job, COVID-19 has forced us to reinvent what we do as we attempt to teach diverse learners via Zoom while they are at home, often with all kinds of distractions and sometimes even unhealthy home environments. Of course, there is also the digital divide that exists in some communities, where the students who often need the most help have unreliable Internet service or devices that don’t work properly, if they have a device at all. There are many students who have simply stopped attending Zoom class sessions altogether.

That doesn’t mean the teaching challenges augmented by the COVID-19 pandemic are limited to online learning. In-person learning has also changed. Because there are many students learning from home, and due to minimum social distance requirements district-wide, classrooms are usually not as full as they were pre-pandemic. And the students who are there are wearing masks while they all sit facing the same direction. Cooperative groups where students can collaborate closely together are not practical for safety reasons during the pandemic. Activities where the students can take turns writing on the whiteboard, while not prohibited outright, are virtually impossible since it’s not safe for students to be sharing materials like whiteboard markers. A vocabulary game I used to do that the students thoroughly enjoyed has been indefinitely suspended due to the pandemic because it required students to take turns at the smartboard and would thereby expose them to touching the same surface.

As if all these challenges weren’t enough, we’ve also had to endure frequent disruptions caused by students, teachers, and staff having to quarantine due to testing positive for the COVID-19 virus or being significantly exposed to someone who is infected. I lost count of the times an administrator got on the PA and called down entire classes worth of students to be sent home. The friendly morning and afternoon greetings or the chats with our colleagues between class periods in the hallway were muted as teachers were also sent home. Some teachers I haven’t seen this school year at all, except on camera in our Zoom faculty or UTD unit meetings, because they received ADA accommodations to teach from home full-time. While I don’t criticize these measures that have been implemented to keep us safe, there is no denying that school morale has been negatively impacted.

Another one of the most direct ways COVID-19 has impacted my career revolves around my daily routine. First and foremost, when I arrive at my worksite, I wear masks. For a while, I was wearing two masks plus a face shield. I’ve stopped wearing the face shield, but I still wear a double mask. Once I get to the classroom, my disinfecting and ventilating ritual begins. With a disinfecting wipe in my hand, I open all the windows. I place a small oscillating fan on the windowsill behind my desk and plug in an air purifier at a nearby outlet. I wipe down the phone, desk, keyboard, mouse, monitor buttons, desk drawer handles, doorknobs, and whiteboard markers. Finally, I walk around the entire class spraying disinfectant. Once I do all of this, I feel safe enough to remove my masks while inside my classroom. I get to enjoy at least a few minutes of unrestricted breathing before putting the masks back on when the students arrive. But it’s not just my interaction with my environment that has been impacted by COVID-19 because my interactions with students and colleagues is also different, as alluded to before. Sometimes I don’t see certain colleagues or students for several days because they are under quarantine. Or I may not see any of them at all, at least not in person, when I’ve been placed under quarantine myself. And when I do see them, of course we’re all wearing masks, and we keep our distance. Any physical greeting at all is usually limited to the now ubiquitous elbow bump. Some of the teachers that I would see only at faculty meetings because they work in a different part of the campus, I have not seen in person at all this school year because our faculty meetings are now on Zoom.

Most of these changes and adjustments have been highly disruptive. But one unexpected development related to the impact of COVID-19 on my career involves my own sense of job security. My first year as a full-time teacher was when the annual contract law went into effect. That made my first few years teaching a harrowing experience full of uncertainty and insecurity. While I have since settled into my current teaching assignment at my present worksite, rapid advances in technology, especially in the educational field, have often made me wonder if it’s only a matter of time before teachers themselves are deemed “obsolete.” However, COVID-19 changed that. If nothing else, this pandemic has made it clear that the teaching profession is not going anywhere, as many families across the country confirmed how important the face-to-face interaction students have with their teachers and peers is for not only the academic progress, but also the healthy social and emotional development of children. The COVID-19 pandemic made many people realize, some for the first time ever incredibly enough, that there is no substitute for in-person learning under the guidance of a highly qualified teacher. So, I now feel much more at ease in my career, not just because I was one of the very blessed and lucky people who was able to retain employment throughout the pandemic, but because I realize I’m not about to lose my job to a computer. If nothing else, with all the people pushing to reopen the economy and get everybody back to work, I realized how important my job is, even if some misguided folks see teachers as not much more than “just a glorified babysitter.”  

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the entire world is severe and ongoing. Millions have died, and many millions more have gotten seriously ill. To bring back the earlier analogy about bombs, the COVID-19 explosions are still happening, even if they are decreasing in frequency and intensity in some parts thanks to aggressive vaccination efforts. With such a pervasively destructive event that has made such a negative impact on so many lives, it can be difficult to even acknowledge that anything positive can come of this. However, very often the best way to move forward is to get through all the hardships and pain that come with the adversity and uncertainty of loss. Only then can we begin to find the glimmer of a better tomorrow sparkling in the distant horizon. That’s how I see the impact COVID-19 has had on me, and especially on my career. I’ve lost family members and endured personal challenges. My job as a teacher has taken on a whole new dimension as we strive to meet the challenge of teaching our students under circumstances that are far from ideal. But through it all, I get to keep the things that have made me a better teacher, and that’s how the adversity of this pandemic can be turned into a victory for the leaders of tomorrow.

Teaching in the Time of Coronavirus and Beyond

The coronavirus pandemic forced everyone to deal with a significant health and safety issue. Schools, as places where diseases can quickly spread, had to close and transition to distance learning online. Beyond the immediate health and safety concern, though, this pandemic also gives us an impromptu dry run of what a fully online education ecosystem would be like.

Distance learning in response to the coronavirus shows us what’s possible for the future of education in a world where we can already get just about everything delivered and streamed right into our homes. Will educators be proactive and embrace this new reality? Can we become beacons of worker unity and solidarity in an increasingly isolated world as we continue to achieve excellent learning outcomes for our students? These are important questions to consider and address in the coming months and years.

To be clear, we would be right to assert that there’s no substitute for in-person learning in a traditional school setting. However, news reports that often depict schools as dens of disease, drugs, violence, and even death, might lead more and more parents to make the trade-off to online education.

In light of this reality, education leaders at the federal, state, and local levels should consider these three basic policy proposals for the future implementation of a fully or partially online education system:

1. Keep teacher:student ratios comparable to current traditional school levels

All teachers are responsible for teaching their students according to each student’s individual needs and learning style. This takes significant time and effort, regardless of whether the teaching is conducted online or in a traditional setting. Therefore, online teachers should have about the same number of students as a traditional classroom teacher.

2. No reduction in teacher compensation

Online teachers are constantly planning lessons, differentiating instruction, and assessing each student's academic progress, just like a traditional classroom teacher. They must also be in continual contact with individual students and their parents for remediation or enrichment. Online teachers are doing the same job as traditional teachers, so they should obviously receive the same pay and benefits.

3. Continue addressing education inequities

A fully or partially online model would amplify some of the inequities that many students already face in a traditional school setting. As always, we must continue advocating for all our students, so they can receive the high quality education they deserve, regardless of their background. One way to do this would be to provide electronic devices, Internet access, and free or reduced meals for students in need who are learning from home.

The trend towards more online teaching and learning will likely continue, even beyond the coronavirus pandemic. As time goes on, parents may become less willing to expose their children to an environment they increasingly identify with bullying, substance abuse, virus outbreaks, and mass shootings. In response, educators should welcome the future and focus on continuing to be the key to student success, whether we practice our profession in person or online.

My Star Wars Superlatives

Right now, in this very galaxy....

The nine episode Star Wars saga is finally over, so this would be a good time for me to compile my list of Star Wars Superlatives. The categories and selections are all completely subjective, and in no particular order of importance. This is just my excuse to go over the entire film series and pick out a way in which each film stands out. So, here they are: My Star Wars Superlatives....

BEST SToRY

Episode IV - A New Hope
The one that started it all, a long time ago (almost 43 years ago as of this writing), gets the nod for Best Story. And why not? When Episode IV - A New Hope, came out, it was just Star Wars. That's it. There were no Episodes. No trilogies, prequels or sequels. Just one movie. And if this had been the only movie of the series ever made, it's easy to see that it doesn't really need anything else to make it a good film that tells a complete story. It has all the elements of the classic hero's journey, and it follows a dramatic arc to a T. It's all there. Every Star Wars after that adds to the mythology, but the first one can stand alone. And that's why, A New Hope wins Best Story.


MoST visually BEAuTiFuL

Episode VIII - The Last Jedi
The Last Jedi has gotten a lot of flack from many Star Wars fans for the way it seems to upend some of the Star Wars lore, as well as present long-established characters in new, unconventional ways: Luke as a grumpy old quitter; Leia as a death-defying Force master (this was a genuine facepalm moment for me when I saw it in the theater, and it still makes me shake my head whenever I see it); the powerful Snoke quickly dispatched by Kylo Ren. Those are just some of the more glaring examples. Other elements are more superficial and seem almost petty on the filmmaker's part, such as when Kylo Ren destroys his helmet. On the other hand, some interesting choices are more fundamental in nature and actually point the Star Wars story in compelling directions, like when the kid at the end uses the Force on the broom, or how Kylo Ren and Rey employ a form of Force telepathy to communicate with each other. However, putting aside all the controversial plot decisions, the way The Last Jedi stands out to me is the way it looks. In a film series loaded with all kinds of stunning visuals, The Last Jedi is a truly impressive spectacle, from Holdo's kamikaze maneuver to the fight scene in Snoke's chamber to the casino on Canto Bight. And all that makes The Last Jedi the Most Visually Beautiful Star Wars film. 

BEST oPENiNG SCENE

Episode III - Revenge of the Sith
Pretty much every Star Wars movie jumps right into the action as soon as the opening crawl fades into the darkness of space. But Revenge of the Sith takes it to a whole new level, as we get thrown right into the middle of a harrowing space battle while Anakin and Obi-Wan attempt a daring rescue. Everything about this opening scene is excellent. From the way it drops you straight into all the chaos, to the accompanying musical score, I still get goosebumps when I watch it. The opening scene in Revenge of the Sith puts you on the edge of your seat right from the start better than all the other Star Wars movies, and that makes it the Best Opening Scene.


DARKEST Movie

Episode IX - The Rise of Skywalker
The last entry in the Star Wars saga is easily the darkest of them all. By "darkest" I'm not referring to the story or anything having to do with the Sith. In fact, this film could have been much darker story-wise if only Chewbacca had actually died and C3PO had stayed with his memory fried. The Star Wars saga is tinged with tragedy throughout, with important and beloved characters dying in almost every movie, so that would not have been out of the ordinary for the series. But the darkness I am referring to is literally an absence of lighting. I went to see this movie in the theater in 3D, and I found it difficult at times to make out the details. I attributed this to the 3D format, or possibly a defect with the theater projector. But it was just as bad when I saw the 2D version at home on Blu-ray. It's just a very shadowy movie. There's no doubt that the scenes on Exegol call for a certain degree of gloom, but filmmakers can convey a dingy atmosphere in a film without actually making it hard to see what the hell is going on. There were news reports of production problems surrounding this film. So, did the filmmaker simply run out of time and cover up a lack of detail with just... a lack of light? Whatever the case may be, The Rise of Skywalker, doing its best John Cena ("You can't see me") impersonation, gets dubbed the Darkest Movie in the series.


BEST ENDiNG

Episode VI - Return of the Jedi (original theatrical release)
I don't know if, by the time Return of the Jedi came out, George Lucas had already envisioned the nine episode arc. Regardless, Return of the Jedi was the last Star Wars movie for many years afterwards. So, that would make having a satisfying ending very important. And the ending was indeed enjoyable. Return of the Jedi was the first Star Wars film I saw in the theater (I was too young when both A New Hope and The Empire Strikes Back came out). The original theatrical release features a fun, festive, lighthearted closing scene that depicts the Rebel heroes on the moon of Endor after defeating the Empire, celebrating with the Ewoks, who were instrumental to their final victory. They all dance and sing together to a happy Ewok party song. When Lucas later released the Special Editions, he completely changed the closing scene to show celebrations all over the galaxy, with a different, less quirky, musical score playing underneath. I get it. It's called Star Wars, not Ewok Wars. But I definitely miss the jovial forest revelry when watching the later versions of this film. And that's why I give the Best Ending award to the original theatrical release of Return of the Jedi.


BEST LiGHTSABER BATTLE

Yoda vs. Count Dooku
Episode II - Attack of the Clones
When Attack of the Clones came out, we had seen four Star Wars movies over the previous 25 years, including a number of great lightsaber battles: Obi-Wan vs. Darth Vader in A New Hope, where Vader kills Obi-Wan; Luke vs. Vader in The Empire Strikes Back, where Vader cuts off Luke's hand and reveals his true identity; Luke vs. Vader II in Return of the Jedi, where Vader turns on the Emperor and saves his son; Qui-Gon Jinn & Obi-Wan vs. Darth Maul, where we see Darth Maul use his imposing double-sided lightsaber. In all that time, we never saw Yoda wield a lightsaber. In fact, we had only seen Yoda as a short, old, frail-looking creature with big eyes and long pointy ears. Sure, he was a Jedi Master and very powerful with the Force. But Yoda seemed feeble, getting around slowly with the aid of a small walking stick. And then came Attack of the Clones, specifically his lightsaber battle against Count Dooku. I still remember the audience reaction in the theater when Yoda sprang up from the ground and became some sort of Force acrobat! While brief, especially compared to the epic, and ultimately far more consequential, confrontation between Anakin and Obi-Wan later in Episode III, the "wow" factor alone of seeing Yoda move like we had never seen him move before makes Yoda vs. Count Dooku in Attack of the Clones the Best Lightsaber Battle.


CooLEST uSE oF THE FoRCE

Kylo Ren stopping the blaster beam in midair
Episode VII - The Force Awakens
By the time the sequel trilogy launched with The Force Awakens, we had witnessed a wide variety of manifestations of the Force: Obi-Wan manipulating weak-minded Stormtroopers ("These aren't the droids you're looking for."); Darth Vader choking an Imperial military officer from a distance ("I find your lack of faith disturbing."); Yoda lifting Luke's X-wing starfighter out of the swamp ("Do. Or do not. There is no try."); even Palpatine shooting lightning from his fingertips ("Unlimited Power!"). But when I saw Kylo Ren stop a blaster beam in midair, I immediately thought that was the Coolest Use of the Force I had ever seen!


MoST AWESoME vEHiCLE

At-At
Episode V - The Empire Strikes Back
You might say that right alongside the stories of battles between good and evil, the Star Wars movies also showcase a wide array of awesome vehicles. Whoever thought that getting around could be so cool in a galaxy far, far away? Right from the opening scene of A New Hope, we see the ominous and overwhelming sight of a huge Star Destroyer chasing after Princess Leia's ship. And any discussion of Star Wars vehicles of course has to include the most famous one of them all, the Millennium Falcon. But nothing is quite as amazing as what we see in the Battle of Hoth in The Empire Strikes Back. What's more astonishing than dinosaurs? And what's cooler than robots? Well... how about giant robot dinosaurs! That's basically the best way to describe the At-At, and that's what makes it the Most Awesome Vehicle in the Star Wars saga!


GoNE Too SooN

(Tie) Qui-Gon Jinn & Darth Maul
Episode I - The Phantom Menace
As the prequel trilogy was released, we obviously knew that the events in those movies take place before the events in the original trilogy. So, any characters we see in the prequel trilogy that also appear in the original trilogy are characters that we know will survive the events of the prequel trilogy. Anakin, Obi-Wan, R2D2, C3PO, Palpatine, Yoda, etc. Those are locks for the entirety of the prequel trilogy. But two of the best characters in the prequel trilogy are killed off in the very first movie. The untimely death of both characters leaves us to wonder just how much better the other two films in the prequel trilogy might have been had they survived. Alas, it was not to be! Of course, I'm talking about Qui-Gon Jinn and Darth Maul, two characters in the Star Wars saga that were most definitely Gone Too Soon.


BEST ovERALL

Episode IV - A New Hope
And so, after evaluating all nine films in the Star Wars saga, I am left with choosing the best overall, and how could I choose any other than the original? Star Wars Episode IV - A New Hope introduces us to an exciting new galaxy of interesting characters that are otherworldly, but at the same time incredibly accessible. The plot takes us through a journey of adventure and self-discovery, heroic sacrifice and personal triumph. The special effects, costumes, and set design create a world that we obviously would want to revisit again and again. From the opening scene, with the Star Destroyer taking over the entire screen, to the introduction of probably the most iconic weapon ever created in all of fiction, and with both reluctant and eager heroes, to those who sacrifice themselves for the greater good, and an all-encompassing energy that can be harnessed by those who wield it for good as well as those who use it for selfish purposes to gain more power, Star Wars Episode IV - A New Hope, the one from which the ever-expanding Star Wars universe began, is the Best Overall.    

Why I'm Leaving Facebook

The title of this blog post can be somewhat misleading. First of all, I'm not necessarily going to abruptly delete my Facebook account. Leaving Facebook might be more of a gradual process over an undefined period of time, like a crab slowly molting its old shell. On the other hand, in some ways I've already left Facebook, even though my account is still active as of this writing. To begin with, some context is necessary, especially since this isn't the first time I've had a problem with Facebook and its privacy policy.  

When Facebook first started taking off, I liked MySpace much better. After all, I could customize my MySpace page while everybody's Facebook page was the same old white and blue. Booooring! So I resisted jumping on the Facebook bandwagon as long as I could. Eventually Facebook grew on me, like a rapidly spreading rash that's highly uncomfortable but gives you a strange satisfaction when you scratch it. I started spending more and more time on it, posting, liking and commenting on others' posts, and keeping in touch with old (and new) friends. I even attended a high school reunion BBQ organized almost exclusively through Facebook. Good times! Unfortunately, it didn't stay that way.

Fast forward to the 2016 presidential election and the subsequent Trump presidency. During this time, I "lost" a number of Facebook friends over the tribalism and division that emerged in this political environment including, ironically enough, the friend who had hosted the high school reunion BBQ a few years earlier. I attempted to counteract the toxic politics by creating a private Facebook group called Meet at the Center, where members with different political views could debate the issues respectfully. The group soon sputtered though, as I noticed that most of the members preferred to continue posting on their own pages rather than on the group page. I realized that they probably preferred to bask in the warmth of their own respective echo chambers rather than submit their views to scrutiny and challenges.

And so it's come to this. I'm taking some of the more recent not-so-surprising news about Facebook mishandling users' data as my cue. It's not the first time, or even the second or third time, so we're way beyond the question of who the shame belongs to. My privacy is my responsibility, and allowing Facebook to violate it continuously is totally on me.

I've already scaled back my Facebook use to almost nothing for weeks now. That makes any official decision to leave Facebook more of a formality than anything else. My biggest concern through all this is the reason I joined Facebook in the first place: keeping in touch with people I care about. To that end, I'll keep my Messenger account active for the time being so that my Facebook friends who wish to stay in contact can message me and get my phone number if they don't already have it. That way, we can have a real friendship outside of Facebook and maybe even meet up face to face every once in a while, which is always nice.

Getting Our Fiscal House in Order Part 2: The Republican Tax Plan

Nearly five years ago, I wrote about the need for us to get our fiscal house in order. This was in the midst of calls by then-President Obama to raise taxes on the wealthiest Americans in order to trim federal deficits and tame the runaway national debt. The vast wealth inequality in our country, as well as the disparity between the taxes often paid by businesses and the wealthiest Americans compared to lower-income taxpayers, certainly helps justify the argument that a heavier tax burden should be borne by the most fortunate among us. At the time, though, I argued that before the government demands more from any of us, it owes it to all of us to be more responsible with our tax dollars. 

I remain consistent in my assessment of half a decade ago when it comes to the current proposed Republican tax plan. The truth is, most taxpayers would selfishly welcome paying less taxes. But what is the cost of these tax cuts for society as a whole? Just like I once questioned the wisdom of raising taxes in light of a fiscally irresponsible government running up the federal debt, I now question the call for cutting taxes while the government runs budget deficits on a yearly basis.

The main argument in favor of the Republican tax plan is that it will spur economic growth, thereby increasing government revenue. But that involves a very precarious presumption: that the economy will continue growing uninterrupted, even when the current streak is already one of the longest ever. Just like a responsible family accounts for unforeseen circumstances when crafting a budget, the government must consider what happens if the economy slows. And while a family with a robust emergency fund can better withstand a monetary hit, one with a mortgage, car payments, student loans, and several maxed-out credit cards would likely face financial ruin if a major crisis surfaces. With the federal debt currently at over $20 trillion and annual deficits of hundreds of billions of dollars, there's no disputing which family's budget situation most closely resembles our own government.

A balanced budget amendment to the U.S. Constitution might be a solution to the government's out of control spending. Of course, such an amendment could bring about a whole new set of problems. Ultimately, just like a family facing the reality of a less-than-ideal financial situation, it would take courage, sacrifice, and innovation for our government to operate within its means. 

The bottom line is, even though the idea of tax cuts is always attractive to those who pay them, the government getting its fiscal house in order by controlling spending is a much more pressing priority. Almost five years ago, I called on the government to hold off on raising taxes until it cut wasteful spending. Today, we should call on the government to hold off on tax cuts for the very same reason.

Mayim Bialik Should Apologize for Apologizing

With the Harvey Weinstein scandal all over the news recently, many people have come out on social media to speak on sexual harassment and assault. Obviously, the vast majority of sane humans is against such atrocious behavior. But probably the most important outcome from all this is increased awareness of just how pervasive this behavior is throughout our society, particularly the workplace.

Adding her own two cents and sharing her experiences on this hot-button topic, actress Mayim Bialik penned an opinion piece published in The New York Times. In it, she describes how her "self-protecting and wise" choices and behavior have contributed, along with what she terms her "non-traditional" physical appearance, to her steering clear of the kinds of encounters suffered by women who may dress provocatively and "act flirtatiously."

Naturally, there was a backlash by victims of sexual harassment and assault and their advocates who make the most important point of all: sexual harassment and assault is always the perpetrator's fault and never the victim's fault. That is 100% true. Period. Full stop.

But while asserting that victims are always blameless is certainly a valid point, that doesn't mean that Ms. Bialik's point is not valid. In fact, in her essay, she points out how "women should be free to act however they want" in a "perfect" world. And that's true! In a perfect world, anyone and everyone should be free to act however they want: free to walk down a dark alley in a crime-ridden neighborhood in the middle of the night; free to wear blue in Bloods gang territory; free to pet a rattlesnake. Sure, in a "perfect" world, we should be free to do any of those things. But the fact is, our world is far from perfect, and while a woman does not deserve to be sexually harassed or assaulted no matter how provocatively she dresses or how flirtatiously she acts, engaging in certain behaviors can certainly be misinterpreted by men blinded by hormones, wealth, power, or a lethal combination of all three.

So, in essence, Mayim Bialik should apologize for apologizing. Or rather, she should not have apologized at all, because the points she made in her opinion piece are perfectly valid and appropriate. 

Gun Violence vs Gun Rights

In the wake of the horrific mass shooting in Las Vegas, we find ourselves, as a nation, once again grappling with the same questions that arise way too frequently: How do we stop the gun violence plaguing our country? How do we keep something like this from happening again? Naturally, these questions usually come up when the hurt is still fresh and the grieving is in full force, but also while the powerful gun lobby continues to look out for its own bottom line and decent law-abiding citizens seek to preserve their right to bear arms. All too often, these opposing forces create an environment where people are talking past each other rather than coming together to find common sense solutions. What typically ends up happening, as a result, is nothing much.

I don’t pretend to have all the answers. I’m just another concerned citizen who believes that our right to “Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness” is assaulted in a very real sense every time one of these brutal attacks occurs. But perhaps by sharing my interpretation of the Second Amendment, I can make at least a tiny positive contribution to the conversation about how best to solve an extremely serious problem.

The Second Amendment to the Constitution reads as follows:

A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.

The very first part of the amendment is where the greatest trouble lies. Based on the incredible amount of gun violence in our country, it is clear to any rational person, regardless of where they stand on gun laws, that the “well regulated” part of the Second Amendment is utterly failing. One of the NRA’s most famous slogans is: The only thing that stops a bad guy with a gun is a good guy with a gun. Without getting into the merits or validity of the slogan itself, we can interpret it to mean that any regulation of guns should strive to keep guns out of the hands of the bad guys while not taking guns away from the good guys. The question then becomes, how do we determine who the good guys are and who the bad guys are? For our gun rights to be “well regulated,” the answer to that question becomes, very literally, a life and death matter.

The next word in the amendment, “Militia,” is also not without controversy. A militia is basically a civilian military force. Based on this definition, civilians may indeed possess military style weapons. However, the possession of these weapons by civilians must be “well regulated.” Therefore, ownership of these weapons should be severely restricted based on the qualifications of the civilian and the weapon’s degree of deadliness. In other words, the deadlier the weapon, the harder it should be to acquire. For civilians to possess military style weapons, they should have to exhaustively prove their physical and mental fitness, as well as receive the proper training on how to handle, use, and safely store such weapons.

The phrase “being necessary to the security of a free State” that follows in the amendment is important because it outlines the purpose of the militia. Broadly, we can interpret this to mean that armed civilians secure the “free State” by doing everything from fighting off an invading force (not very likely) to protecting their own homes and family from a burglar (much more likely).

Finally, the Second Amendment ends with “the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.” This phrase enshrines in the Constitution our right to have guns, which brings us back to square one: How do we stop gun violence in the United States? Certainly, neither the spirit nor the original intent of the Second Amendment has anything to do with the devastating events unfolding across our nation on a seemingly regular basis. For that reason, we must demand that Congress respect the Constitution and ensure that our right to bear arms is “well regulated” by passing sensible laws that will safeguard our gun rights while helping to prevent these national tragedies.

ADDENDUM (10/05/2017):

I don't customarily make changes to my blog posts once they're published (with one notable exception), but I felt a certain uneasiness with this one almost as soon as I finished it. I realized that I spent a large part of the post addressing gun violence and gun rights through my interpretation of the Second Amendment, but I didn't address the social aspects of gun violence. I failed to bring up what are probably the most important questions of all: How can someone feel the need to commit such a horrible deed against other human beings? What would drive someone to act so violently?

Like I wrote before, I don't have all the answers. But taking a broad view of our social structure might offer some insight. While some may argue that we do not explicitly encourage such violence as a society, there can be little doubt that, at the very least, we pave the road by which these awful incidents travel, as we can see by taking a look at our nation's values.

The United States has the world's largest economy. We also spend more on the military than the next several nations combined. These two telling facts are a basic reflection of the values of our society. The most important things to us are wealth and power. We believe in accumulating untold riches. We also believe in strength, force, and domination. That's it! Long and healthy lives for our citizens? Forget it! We rank #42 in the world in life expectancy. A smart, well-educated populace? Please! The U.S. lags far behind many other countries in reading, math, and science while many of our teachers earn virtual poverty wages. Our values, once again, are money and might. Period.

So, how do we expect our mentally unstable citizens to react when they feel powerless? When there is such a stigma on mental illness? When we look down with disdain, starting with our own president, on those whom we perceive as "weak?" When our multi-billion dollar entertainment industry constantly bombards us with violent movies, TV shows, music, and video games, then uses their own people to hypocritically lament the acts of violence that happen in the real world? When it is so easy to get a deadly firearm with which to rain death upon fellow human beings? When the idea of strength is equal to wanton destruction in the eyes of certain twisted individuals?

We can't keep turning a blind eye to the effect that our own values play on our society. We can keep believing the people profiting from the violence, whether it's the entertainment industry telling us "it's just art" or the gun industry telling us "it's your Constitutional right." While we're at it, we might as well believe whatever the tobacco industry wants to tell us about cigarettes or whatever the fossil fuel industry wants to tell us about climate change!

Wealth and power. Those are our values. We either change our values, or we keep living (and dying) with the consequences.

The State of Our Politics: Where Do We Go from Here? (Part 3 of 3)

NOTE: This is a series of three blog posts that look at the current state of American politics. In the first post, I break down the Republican party base in the age of Donald Trump, using historical analysis for context. The second post focuses on what the Democrats, as the party currently out of power, can learn from the recent success of the Republicans. Finally, this third post highlights how we can all help move the country forward, regardless of which political party is in power.

The State of Our Politics: Where Do We Go from Here?

The deep political divisions all across the United States might inspire many to scoff at the idea of unifying the country, but the truth is that not only is it possible, it is absolutely necessary. As described in part one, the divisions in our country go way back to its earliest years. And even as the Democrats can learn from the success of the Republicans over the last several elections, as described in part two, healing our nation and moving it forward should be accomplished together, regardless of how we choose to politically identify ourselves individually.

The main obstacle to unity comes from our nation’s great diversity. So, the first step has to be an acceptance that different people have different worldviews. A healthy respect for that diversity is necessary to coexist effectively. We must understand that a large part of the population has religious beliefs that teach that homosexuality is a sin and aborting a pregnancy is akin to murder. However, we must also understand that the United States has separation of church and state, and morality cannot be legislated. We have to see the existence of social and racial injustices stemming from the ugly aspects of our country's history, but we also have to encourage a sense of individual responsibility among Americans of every color, size, and shape. But accepting our racial and religious diversity can only go so far. The most dangerous aspect of our diversity has nothing to do with our beliefs or our skin color.

Our free enterprise system has helped the United States achieve an unprecedented level of prosperity. Under that system, we've accepted that there will be wealthy people, poor people, and a middle class in between. However, our vast income and wealth inequality goes far beyond what most Americans can even fathom, let alone what they believe is fair (see video below). Most Americans of all socioeconomic levels acknowledge that a civilized nation like ours should be perfectly capable of not only providing citizens with opportunities to amass wealth, but also make sure that the most vulnerable among us do not suffer needlessly, and that our middle class is strong and healthy. Overall, we must take concrete steps to ensure that our nation functions well for the benefit of every American.

One idea we can enact as part of our political discourse is to focus on the solutions to our problems, not on attacking opponents just to score a “win.” Although the two major political parties seem like they’re always at each other’s throats, our representatives need to realize that none of them got elected with 100% of the vote. Many of them probably won with only slight majorities. Therefore, the best way to govern is as close to the middle as possible, incorporating the best ideas from all sides. In that spirit, we need to recognize that the free market is incapable of solving all of society's problems, but we also need to realize that neither can the government. We need to acknowledge that businesses deserve to maximize profits, but workers also deserve to earn enough to be able to provide for their families. We must allow for the extraction of resources and manufacture of goods, but we must also demand protection for our shared natural environment. We should encourage the wealth-building power of capitalism, but we shouldn't do so at the expense of our most vulnerable citizens or the workers whose daily efforts help create that wealth. We must also strengthen our democracy by passing laws to encourage voter participation, curtail or even eliminate gerrymandering, and reform campaign financing and lobbying to minimize the undue influence of powerful and wealthy interests, benefiting all Americans in the long run.

Another way our country shows its strength is by protecting the freedom of every citizen to pursue happiness in their own individual way. However, as long as we have such a vast and growing wealth and income inequality gap, the number of people who will never have a fair shot at pursuing that happiness will only increase, depressing economic growth, straining our social structure, and sending millions of Americans from the middle class into poverty. The hard-working Americans who help create trillions of dollars in wealth every year should be able to enjoy it, not just the small group of rich investors who own the businesses. We can also look beyond our borders for smart solutions to pressing issues.

On the global stage, the United States already has the largest economy and most powerful military in the world. However, while America enjoys supremacy in these areas, we fall behind in others. And our military and economic dominance should not preclude us from learning what we can from countries that are outdoing us in other areas. For example: What is the health care system like in countries with the highest life expectancy? What is the criminal justice system like in countries with the lowest crime rates? What is the education system like in countries with the highest student achievement? How much paid family leave, paid vacation time, and child care assistance do they have in countries with the happiest citizens? We do not diminish our greatness by incorporating and improving upon the successful ideas of other nations. Rather, we enhance our strength and show the leadership that comes with the ability to adapt to given circumstances and learn from others to make our society better.

The problems we face in our country are deep and, in many ways, embedded into the very fabric of who we are. But that doesn’t mean we can’t strive for and achieve the promise set forth in our Constitution of creating “a more perfect Union.” Only by embracing our differences, not shunning them, and working together to solve the issues that vex us all, can we move forward as “one Nation under God.”

The State of Our Politics: Learning How to Win (Part 2 of 3)

NOTE: This is a series of three blog posts that look at the current state of American politics. In the first post, I break down the Republican party base in the age of Donald Trump, using historical analysis for context. In this second post, I focus on what the Democrats, as the party currently out of power, can learn from the recent success of the Republicans. Finally, the third post highlights how we can all help move the country forward, regardless of which political party is in power.

The State of Our Politics: Learning How to Win

In the 2016 election, the Republican party took over the White House and Congress. With control of both the executive and legislative branches of government, the GOP earned the power to advance its agenda with little opposition. Many diverse factors aligned to make this rise to power possible, including what could be considered a backlash against the first black president and the country’s shifting racial and cultural demographics, as alluded to in part one of this three part series. But the GOP owes its political success, in large part, to very deliberate moves it made to galvanize the electorate behind its candidates in the years leading up to 2016. It would be good for the Democratic party to learn some of the tactics and strategies employed by the Republicans if the Democrats hope to regain any kind of significant political power ever again.  

One method of gaining political advantage the Republicans used to great effect is gerrymandering. Although both parties have been guilty of gerrymandering, the GOP used it after the last census to solidify majorities in districts across the country. The Princeton Election Consortium conducted in-depth research that debunked the myth that both sides are equally guilty of gerrymandering. They discovered significant and widespread Republican gerrymandering in states like Pennsylvania, Ohio, North Carolina, Michigan, Virginia, and Indiana that by and large surpassed any Democratic gerrymandering efforts. Journalists for Business Insider and The Washington Post have also reported on the extent of Republican gerrymandering far exceeding Democrats' own efforts in this regard. The solution, however, is not for the Democrats to work at becoming better at gerrymandering than the Republicans. After all, gerrymandering by either party hurts our democracy because the people who get elected do not accurately represent the people who elect them. The real solution is to take the necessary steps to minimize, or eliminate the practice altogether.

And while gerrymandering is a very old method of gaining political power, Republicans have also relied on modern technology, starting with the president. Donald Trump’s technology use is mostly limited to Twitter. He doesn’t even use email. However, his campaign used technology in revolutionary ways, by compiling detailed voter data and micro-targeting through social media, including Democratic voters for the purpose of switching their vote or depressing turnout. With the help of data firms like Cambridge Analytica, the Trump campaign devoted a significant amount of resources to its digital division, to great effect. This is all “listening” to the voters 21st Century style, and the Democrats would be well-served to ramp up their voter data analysis efforts in order to target their message right down to the individual voter, whether that voter is a Republican or a Democrat. And while many people still watch plenty of TV, social media can be much more effective to reach voters, particularly younger voters. Who knows? Maybe the next Democratic presidential candidate will be able to match Trump tweet for tweet!

Another one of the great strengths of the Republican party might actually be confused for a weakness. As of this writing, Republicans have struggled to pass a healthcare reform bill, even with majorities in both chambers of Congress. Although the bill’s unpopularity and the president’s low approval rating have certainly contributed to stalling this legislation, one of the main problems in mustering the necessary number of votes has been the wide political diversity within the Republican conference. The Republicans in the House include the ultra-conservative Freedom Caucus, the more moderate Tuesday Group, and representatives spanning the entire conservative political spectrum. The Senate Republican membership also constitutes a wide variety of conservative ideologies ranging from very conservative to moderate. As a small example of the ideological diversity within the Republican party, right here in South Florida we have Carlos Curbelo, a Republican House member who's a strong proponent for climate change policy, and Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, a Republican congresswoman who's an outspoken supporter of LGBTQ rights. While this ideological diversity can sometimes present challenges when trying to pass legislation, it’s a testament to the GOP being a true big tent political party. With winning elections in mind, the Democrats would do well to embrace center-left candidates in the upper Midwest, even if they may happen to be strong gun rights advocates. They should support center-left candidates, who just might happen to be pro-life, in deeply religious districts in the South. They could win back control of Congress by helping center-left candidates in Arizona and Texas, even if those candidates are in favor of Trump’s border wall. This party loyalty and determination to win was most evident in the presidential race. While many Republicans had serious misgivings about a Trump presidency, most of them ended up uniting behind him as their candidate and helped propel him to the White House. On the other hand, many traditionally Democratic voters stayed home or chose a third party candidate rather than supporting Hillary Clinton. The bottom line is that in order to win more elections, Democrats need to relax their ideological litmus test and support members with more diverse views, even if some of those views might occasionally go against their own.

So, gerrymandering, technology, and party unity have all helped Republicans gain significant majorities at both the federal and state level. It all culminated with winning the White House in the November 2016 presidential election. In response to Trump’s victory and presidency, many Americans have taken to the streets in protest. While the right to protest is constitutionally protected, Republicans have shown that the single most powerful weapon we have is the vote. So, another very valuable lesson the Democrats can apply to themselves is to focus on getting out the vote instead of protesting. Because even though protests can help achieve some victories, the real winning always takes place at the ballot box. But you have to give the voters something to vote for as well, which is where messaging is crucial.

Perhaps the most important thing the Democrats can learn from the Republicans is the idea of having a simple and clear economic and political philosophy. The Republican ideas of smaller government, stronger military, less regulation, and lower taxes have a broad appeal to a majority of voters, even if those voters may disagree with specific policies. The Democrats need to formulate an equally appealing philosophy that the average working and middle class voter can embrace. Unfortunately, bigger government, less military spending, more regulation, and higher taxes just doesn’t cut it! In the classic sense of politics being the art of the possible, the message should focus on what needs to be accomplished: a healthier, better-educated populace; a vibrant and upwardly mobile workforce; a clean and safe natural environment. Those are policy messages that every American can support.

Ultimately, the Democrats, if they wish to regain political power in this country, need to learn from the party that actually possesses that power at the present time. Beyond that, the Democratic party needs to also find its own innovative ways to appeal to the American voter by doing more than just resisting Trump and the Republicans. If the Democrats don’t do this, we may end up with many years of Republican rule even while the majority of Americans may inherently support Democratic policies. Regardless of which party is in power, we the people need to take steps to heal the division that's such an inherent part of our nation's history, as discussed in part one, and learn to work together to move our nation forward. And how we can achieve this very important task will be covered more in-depth in the final part of this three-part series.

The State of Our Politics: Breaking Down the Republican Base (Part 1 of 3)

NOTE: This is a series of three blog posts that look at the current state of American politics. In this first post, I break down the Republican party base in the age of Donald Trump, using historical analysis for context. The second post focuses on what the Democrats, as the party currently out of power, can learn from the recent success of the Republicans. Finally, the third post highlights how we can all help move the country forward, regardless of which political party is in power.

The State of Our Politics: Breaking Down the Republican Base

The election of Donald Trump in November 2016 solidified Republican control of the presidency to go with both chambers of Congress, in addition to holding a majority of state governments. While polling data seems to indicate that a larger proportion of the population actually favors more of the center-left policies usually espoused by Democrats, certain significant factors have nevertheless allowed the Republican party to establish decisive control of the government. Since they’re the party currently in charge of the nation’s political agenda, it’s important to understand which voters make up the GOP base. To do that, we have to first look at history.

Political parties change and evolve over time. In its over 160-year existence, the Republican party is no exception. In fact, one could argue that the modern-day Republican party is very different from the Republican party of even twenty years ago. Therefore, for the purpose of this analysis, we’re going to focus on the voters that support the Republican party in its current incarnation.

Donald Trump won thirty states on his way to the presidency (refer to map below). These states, which make up three-fifths, or 60% of all states, are full or majority Republican at just about every level, from federal congressional representation to state governorships and legislatures. This level of dominance by one political party should not be understated. However, what’s even more important is knowing the people who are voting overwhelmingly Republican. What is the historical context behind the control the GOP currently enjoys? Will understanding the Republican base help us make sense of the deep division in our country?

Let’s start by looking at the history of these states that vote Republican. First, let’s go back to the Civil War, to the time when the Republican party was formed and our nation was literally at its most divided. Ten of the 11 states that formed the Confederacy back then are states that voted for Trump and are full or majority Republican. Of all Confederate states, only Virginia went Democratic in the 2016 presidential election. Yes, it’s true that Abraham Lincoln, the president who led the Union and wrote the Emancipation Proclamation freeing the slaves, was a Republican, and the Confederate states that wanted to preserve slavery were Democrat. But what is most important is which party the descendants of those Confederates are voting for and supporting now. And the answer to that is, by a significantly large margin, the Republican party.

Next, let’s look at the lynchings of African Americans. There were 3,446 total recorded lynchings of African Americans from 1882 to 1968. Of these lynchings, 3,303 of them occurred in states that voted for Trump and are full or majority Republican. In other words, over 95% of these black lynchings took place in states currently controlled by the GOP.

Another aftereffect of the Civil War and the racial divide in our country was the enactment of Jim Crow laws. These laws were specifically designed to oppress and subjugate black people in most areas of American society, from education to transportation, and everything in between. Most Jim Crow laws were passed in states that voted for Trump and are full or majority Republican.

Finally, let’s look at a detail that is not directly related to race: the federal funds dependency score (refer to map below). This score is derived based on how much a state relies on federal funding. The higher the score, the more that state depends on federal funds. In the 2016 presidential election, nine of the 10 states with the highest federal funds dependency score voted for the Republican candidate. By contrast, nine of the 10 states with the lowest federal funds dependency score voted for the Democratic candidate. The biggest irony here is that the Republican party bills itself as the party of “smaller government,” yet the federal funds dependency score shows that Republican voters rely on big funds from this government they keep wanting to shrink.

What does all this mean? Does the Republican party consist of a bunch of racist people who can’t get by without government help? Certainly not. The great majority of the people living in these Republican states are good, decent, hard-working, self-sufficient people. In fact, I can attest that some of the most honest, loyal, warm people I’ve ever met have been Republican voters. Nevertheless, this country’s racist legacy cannot be ignored. And there's no denying that the descendants of the people who owned slaves, enacted Jim Crow laws, and lynched black people are mostly Republican voters today. It is also a fact that while many of these Republican voters decry “big government” and its “runaway spending,” they depend on funding from that same government more than their Democratic counterparts.

So, the Republican party controls the presidency and Congress, as well as a majority of governorships and state legislatures. And while it enjoys support from a cross section of American society, a large portion of the GOP base consists of the keepers of our nation’s ugly racist legacy. Additionally, the economic realities of these Republican states contradict a central tenet of their own party’s political philosophy. Overall, what takes on a deeper meaning is not so much who makes up the Republican party base, but how these voters help shape the path our nation takes while we head to an uncertain future, as we will see in parts two and three of this three-part series.